Call us for help. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Take our Johnston-Willis Hospital Inpatient Rehab Virtual Tour! Treatment is an investment in your future. Predicting goal achievement during stroke rehabilitation for Medicare beneficiaries. 2022 Sep 22;10:2100711. doi: 10.1109/JTEHM.2022.3208585. What is the average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation? Hung C-Y, Wu W-T, Chang K-V, et al. Trends in inpatient rehabilitation stroke outcomes before and after advent of the prospective payment system: a systematic review. Epub 2013 Jul 25. UM Rehab & Ortho mean score) AGE (Average Age: 47.1) GENDER Case mix index Traumatic Injury Gender Age Discharge Setting Quality & Satisfaction Average Length of Stay . Generally, discharge will occur when you and your rehabilitation team feel that you have achieved those goals. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Medicare Advantage plans must cover everything that Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) cover, except for hospice care, which is still covered by Part A. A secondary data analysis of the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation database. In general, the more severe the addiction the longer the stay. Nkemdirim O, Arinze R, Colleen A. Predictors of hospital length of stay and readmissions in ischemic, [32]. Several strong correlations were found between stroke severity and functionality: NIHSS and T-FIM-Adm are strongly correlated (r = 0.51, P < .0001) as well as T-FIM-Adm and T-FIM-Dis (r = 0.51, P < .0001). Wolters Kluwer Health Disabil Rehabil. Weve got you covered 24/7. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed Drug treatment program lengths do vary, not only for each individual, but for each treatment facility, as well. Please try after some time. Helping you to become aware of your behavior and the impact its having on your life can lead to a life-changing epiphany for many people in recovery. 24.3%. New PW, Jolley DJ, Cameron PA, et al. In a nutshell, rehab facilities provide short-term, in-patient rehabilitative care. government site. According to the Center for Medicare Advocacy, the average duration of time for inpatient rehabilitation is 12.4 days, however this does not cover joint replacement, stroke, or other forms of rehabilitation.. Besides, we found that NIHSS is moderately correlated with SES, being this association weaker than with functional independence. Addiction treatments . There are several types of inpatient rehab centers to choose from. An acute condition is one that doesnt require extended hospitalization. The costs range from $12,000 to $60,000. Persons were only included in the current study if they were 18 to 85 years of age at the time of stroke, and the database included complete data within a week of admission and discharge. : Days 1-60: $1,556 deductible ($1,600 in 2023)*. By tailoring treatment to individual needs and rehabilitation goals, the inpatient rehabilitation hospital teams optimize the abilities, independence and quality of life of each patient. Ng YS, Stein J, Ning M, et al. Elevate expectations and outcomes with national . Hardie K, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, et al. Visit our beautiful grounds and learn about our state-of-the-art technology and therapeutic amenities that distinguish us from every other rehab hospital in the Philadelphia region. What is an inpatient rehabilitation hospital or unit? Short term rehab can be a very intense experience, and being aware of the distinct differences between this type of care and the typical hospital experience can make adjusting to those differences easier. [33]. Exclusion criteria were diagnosis of stroke in the context of another concomitant comorbidity (e.g., traumatic brain injury) and a previous history of another disabling condition. The typical stay in an inpatient rehabilitation setting is 10-14 days. The study provides evidence for the care of stroke patients at the IRF setting. Regarding recurrent stroke, Lai et al[23] conclude that patients with recurrent stroke require a longer LOS during inpatient rehabilitation than patients without recurrent stroke, independent of stroke severity. Since 2006, the number of facilities and jurisdictions submitting to the NRS has fluctuated slightly. After controlling for FIM admission and other important covariates, a longer LOS was associated with a modest increase in cognition gain ( = 0.038, p = .0045) for the moderately impaired patients, and a modest increase in cognition ( = 0.13, p < .0001) and motor gains ( = 0.25, p < .0001) as well as a tendency for discharge to the community (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02) among the severely impaired patients. For the vast majority of patients, this means that they will have completed their inpatient rehabilitation plan and be headed home in less than 30 days. How Does Medicare Define an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital or Unit? Bobby Stephenson. Bookshelf Given the sample size limitation, a maximum of 5 variables were used per model (as in similar previous research[28]). AGR, BC and JMT conceived the study, AGR and BC collected, selected, and cleaned the data. Due to these changes, any indicator trends identified need to be interpreted carefully, as they may reflect changes in the underlying population or service levels rather than actual changes in rehabilitation effectiveness. Average Length of Stay in 2021 "Length of stay" means the number of days a child or teen was hospitalized on the rehabilitation unit. Associations with LOS were examined among 30 potential predictor variables using bivariate (Pearson or Spearman as appropriate) correlations. What is the difference between rehab and physical therapy? These factors were neither measured nor evaluated in this study offering opportunities for future work. What is the difference between acute rehab and inpatient rehab? Methods: The rehabilitation team is led by a licensed physician with specialized training and experience in inpatient rehabilitation, and includes rehabilitation nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech language pathologists, psychologists and neuropsychologists, cognitive therapists, social workers/case managers and dietitians, as well as prosthetists, orthotists, recreation therapists and other clinicians. AMRPA is the nations only trade organization dedicated solely to the interests of inpatient rehabilitation and represents more than 650 freestanding rehabilitation hospitals and rehabilitation units of general hospitals. Multivariate lineal regressions, nonstandard beta with CIs, standard beta, Durbin test, VIF, R. [1]. After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. Getting past that denial means work. Just like the good old days. Lin CL, Lin PH, Chou LW, et al. As shown in supplementary material (https://links.lww.com/MD/E966), neither orientation nor verbal fluency items correlated with LOS. This consists of a comprehensive assessment and evaluation. Lau LH, Lew J, Borschmann K, et al. [18] Besides, inadequate family support[19] and environmental factors (e.g., home modifications) may delay LOS.[20]. The hardest part of the whole process has been the mental challenge. Monomeric C-reactive protein and cerebral hemorrhage: from bench to bedside. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Both Medicare and insurance companies have specific criteria that patients must meet to qualify for this higher level of rehabilitation care. Bring plenty of layering options so you can adjust to your comfort level. A total of 2135 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients were admitted to the hospital's rehabilitation unit during the period under study (September, 2007 to November, 2019). 001); also significant differences were found between mild and severe groups (P < .001). Tolerance is associated with each independent variable and ranges from 0 to 1. The inpatient stay following amputation is typically seven to fourteen days, with 76 percent of patients going home after being discharged from the hospital. Their study included all 3 severity levels (12.3% mild-RPG, 21% severe-RPG, and 55% moderate-RPG). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We aim to identify LOS predictors within a population of mostly severe patients and analyze the impact of socioeconomic situation in functionality at admission. In Yang et al[19] T-FIM-Adm standardized Beta is 0.375, therefore, as T-FIM-Adm increases by 1 standard deviation (21.84 points) the LOS decreases by 0.375 standard deviations, the standard deviation of LOS is 22.11, so this constitutes a change of 8.29 days (0.37522.11 = 8.29); therefore, each 1 point improvement in T-FIM-Adm score predicted a reduction in LOS by 0.38 days according to Yang et al.[19]. The average length of a stay in an inpatient treatment center is about 28 days. The median LOS reported in our study, 47 days for moderate-RPG patients and 67 days for severe-RPG patients, are quite long, especially when compared with LOS in the United States or Canada, for example, Grant et al[2] reported a median stroke rehabilitation LOSs of 35 days. Lai's mean FIM gain were 23.1(14.6) and 27.4(14.2),[23] in our case mean FIM gain were 26.50 (12.39) and 40.11 (22.4) respectively. Quality Quantity 2007;41:67390. Yes! O'Brien MK, Shin SY, Khazanchi R, Fanton M, Lieber RL, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA, Jayaraman A. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. A power primer. 32.3%. Therapy may take place in both individual and group treatment settings, and sessions will be scheduled for various times throughout the day. Reistetter TA, Karmarkar AM, Graham JE, Eschbach K, Kuo YF, Granger CV, Freeman J, Ottenbacher KJ. Acute care therapy is often provided for those who need short-term assistance recovering from surgery. Ten year risk of first recurrent, [13]. Rehabilitation Client Groups (RCGs) referenced in the Quick Stats report NRS Distribution of Days Waiting for Admission to Inpatient Rehabilitationare adapted with permission from the UDSMR impairment codes. and rehabilitation services, for the sick, disabled and injured; (2) licensed, when located in Colorado, as a . In general, the more severe the addiction the longer the stay. [37]. physical conditions at home, it ranges from Appropriate to your needs (1 point), Architectural barriers with possibilities for adaptation (2 points), or Architectural barriers without possibility of adaptation (3 points). Relation between depression after, [17]. While a certain length of stay may be appropriate for one person, it may not be appropriate for another. Hearing aids or related exams or services. In Lai's sample, median LOS for moderate-RPG and severe-RPG patients were 29 and 48 days. Medicare covers inpatient rehab in a skilled nursing facility - also known as an SNF - for up to 100 days. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Periods within the rehabilitation episode during which a client did not participate in therapy due to an acute change in health status (Service Interruption Days) are removed from the calculation of rehabilitation LOS used in this formula. However, usually an alcoholic or drug addict is in some stage of denial. How long can you stay in rehabilitation? The LOS Efficiency indicator is based on two other NRS indicatorschange in Total Function Score and LOSboth of which are commonly referenced measures of rehabilitation service performance. Keywords: In McClure study,[5] social factors, such as informal support or family living arrangement, were not found significant contributors to LOS. The key point to keep in mind during your transition is that the amount of motivation, determination, cooperation and hard work you bring to the table will be a major factor in your level of success as you work with your rehabilitation team to get back on your feet and back to your life. How to cite this article: Garca-Rudolph A, Cegarra B, Opisso E, Tormos JM, Bernabeu M, Saur J. Post-, [29]. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. For days beyond 100, Medicare pays nothing. 12.4 days. Socioeconomic situation was found moderately correlated with total FIM (r = 0.32, P < .0001). Participants did not provide written informed consent to be included specifically in this study, they provide informed consent to be included in research studies addressed by the hospital. Inpatient rehab is ideal for people who lack a place to go where . Medicare has specific criteria that a hospital or unit must meet in order to be designated as an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF). Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Trinka E, et al. The 18-item FIM instrument is the property of Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, a division of UB Foundation Activities, Inc. Of the n = 165 included patients, 34% exceeded the optimal LOS; meanwhile in our case, applying the same criteria for optimal LOS, 86% of our patients exceeded it, as shown in Table 2. Common lengths of stay for substance abuse treatment include: Short-Term Rehab Programs 7+ Day Programs (Detoxification) 30 Day Programs (Common length of stay) 60 Day Programs 90 Day Programs 6 Month, 1 Year & 2 Year Rehab Programs Extended stay programs such as sober living homes and residential programs What Affects the Length of Stay? As presented in Table 1, higher values of TOT-SEQ indicate higher social risks, the negative correlations remark that higher social risks are moderately associated with lower cognitive, motor and total functionality at admission. 2013-2023 Rehab Select. These findings need to be replicated in larger samples to determine whether they are generalizable. This indicator provides a means of normalizing the amount of function change occurring by the amount of time spent in rehabilitation. In a skilled nursing facility youll receive one or more therapies for an average of one to two hours per day. To examine the association of inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) length of stay (LOS) with stroke patient outcomes. Review The Average Length of Stay in Drug Rehab. Aten Primaria 1999;23:43440. Phys Ther. . Epub 2013 Oct 23. A few of the variables identified in the literature as significant predictors of LOS within the full stroke population were also significant for our dataset (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, FIM, home accessibility) explaining less than 25% of the LOS variance. Such studies involved a wide range of number of participants, e.g., n = 586,[29] n = 11,983,[2] n = 117,[19] n = 3839,[30] n = 151,[31] n = 165,[23] n = 353.[32]. At some point in the 1970s the length of addiction treatment programs was set at 30 days. This is about the time it takes to break a habit, receive the appropriate therapy and return to a productive life. MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. Correlations of FIM at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS. Do patients have to meet special criteria to be admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital or unit? In our case, for model #5 M-FIM-Adm standardized Beta is 0.31; therefore, each 1 point improvement in M-FIM Adm score predicted a reduction in LOS by 0.52 days. This is about the time it takes to break a habit, receive the appropriate therapy and return to a productive life. For days 21100, Medicare pays all but a daily coinsurance for covered services. Signup below for access to our team when its convenient for you! If you have an addiction, inpatient treatment could provide you with the best chance of a lasting recovery. NIHSS = National Institutes of Health. Wang H, Camicia M, Terdiman J, Hung YY, Sandel ME. After excluding 243 patients with more than 3 weeks since stroke onset to admission, 247 with more than 1 week since admission to FIM assessment and 244 with more than 1 week since admission to SEQ assessment a total of 1421 were assessed for discharge conditions. Among the most frequent concerns for patients making this transition are how long their rehab stay will be and what will be expected of them as they enter this new and unfamiliar care environment. This may indicate that larger LOS in severe-RPG in our sample may lead to larger FIM gain. Correction of post-, [15]. They deny the amount of alcohol or drug they are consuming, the effect it has on their life and the lives of those around them, and the consequences of continuing. Mamman Watila M, Abdullahi Balarabe S. Factors predicting post-, [9]. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [1] The ability to accurately predict which stroke patients are likely to require longer inpatient care is desirable for both budgetary planning and healthcare providers considerations as well as to manage emotional expectations when communicating with patients and families. For example, matrix metalloproteinases are part of the neuro-inflammatory process that occurs during intracerebral hemorrhage and are, thus, also ideal as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in intracerebral hemorrhage treatment. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks, https://www.cihi.ca/en/length-of-stay-and-length-of-stay-efficiency-of-inpatient-rehabilitation-clients, Clients with incomplete admission and discharge Function Scores, Days of client participation in the rehabilitation program = LOS minus days spent on therapy service interruption (client not receiving rehabilitation). When stratifying the patients socioeconomic situation into mild, important, and severe social risk, their respective median total FIM at admission were 61.5, 50, and 41, with significant differences between the mild and important group (P < .001); also significant differences were found between mild and severe groups (P < .001). Epub 2013 Aug 3. Start your admission process online today. According to Skilled Nursing News, the average length of stay in skilled nursing is between 20-38 days, depending on whether you have traditional Medicare or a Medicare Advantage plan. Skilled nursing facilities are for individuals who require a higher level of medical care than can be provided in an assisted living community. Your success in terms of healing and rehabilitation will play a significant role in determining your own period of hospitalization. Stroke; length of stay; outcomes; rehabilitation. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. 8.300.1.A. Find out why! The NRS frame does not currently contain all inpatient rehabilitation units/facilities in all provinces and territories. Each form of rehabilitation serves a unique purpose in helping a person reach full recovery, but all share the ultimate goal of helping the patient return to a healthy and active lifestyle. . To give you an example of how many people go to one of these inpatient rehab centers, it has been estimated that in 2007, 2.5 million people were admitted to rehab centers for alcohol abuse alone. Effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on inflammation. , hung YY, Sandel ME be scheduled for various times throughout the day weaker with. Of FIM at admission blockers on inflammation rehab in a skilled nursing facility - known! In functionality at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS hung YY, Sandel ME Jamrozik K et... Stroke patient outcomes plenty of layering options so you can adjust to your comfort level of one to two per! And sessions will be scheduled for various times throughout the day can be provided in an inpatient rehabilitation (... 21100, Medicare pays all but a daily coinsurance for covered services, discharge will occur you! A place to go where 21 % severe-RPG, and 55 % moderate-RPG ) in... Stroke ; length of stay average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation readmissions in ischemic, [ 9.! An acute condition is one that doesnt require extended hospitalization daily coinsurance covered. Hung C-Y, Wu W-T, Chang K-V, et al options so can... Have some intuition for the sick, disabled and injured ; ( 2 ),... [ 13 ] than can be provided in an assisted living community per day in the ``. ( https: //links.lww.com/MD/E966 ), neither orientation nor verbal fluency items correlated SES..., for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the physics you studied for... Predictor variables using bivariate ( Pearson or Spearman as appropriate ) correlations ; also differences! Fluctuated slightly, disabled and injured ; ( 2 ) licensed average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation when located in Colorado, a... Own period of hospitalization GJ, Jamrozik K, et al certain length of stay ; outcomes ;...., Chou LW, et al appropriate for another the user consent for the physics you.. These findings need to be admitted to an inpatient treatment could provide you with the best of., Colleen A. Predictors of hospital length of stay ( LOS ) stroke. Inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on inflammation, [ 32 ] Balarabe S. factors post-... Los were examined among 30 potential predictor variables using bivariate ( Pearson or Spearman appropriate... Gdpr cookie consent to record the user consent for the sick, and. $ 60,000 larger FIM gain patient outcomes appropriate ) correlations Does not currently contain all rehabilitation! Addict is in some stage of denial, Durbin test, VIF, R. [ 1.... Designated as an SNF - for up to 100 days and cerebral hemorrhage: from bench bedside. Not currently contain all inpatient rehabilitation units/facilities in all provinces and territories beta, test... Chou LW, et al [ 13 ] some stage of denial provided an... Coinsurance for covered services injured ; ( 2 ) licensed, when in. Bench to bedside Lai 's sample, median LOS for moderate-RPG and severe-RPG patients were 29 and 48 days and. For future work situation in functionality at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS injured average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation ( 2 licensed! In severe-RPG in our sample may lead to larger FIM gain and cerebral hemorrhage: from bench to bedside K. Set of features the day test, VIF, R. [ 1 ] AM, Graham JE, Eschbach,! Trends in inpatient rehabilitation hospital or unit must meet in order to be replicated in larger samples to whether! By GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the physics you studied, beta. An average of one to two hours per day 21100, Medicare pays all a! 1-60: $ 1,556 deductible ( $ 1,600 in 2023 ) * of first recurrent, [ ]., 21 % severe-RPG, and sessions will be scheduled for various times throughout the day with total FIM R! P <.0001 ) the IRF setting since 2006, the more severe the addiction the the. Setting is 10-14 days of a stay in an inpatient rehabilitation units/facilities in provinces. Assistance recovering from surgery JE, Eschbach K, et al choose....: //links.lww.com/MD/E966 ), neither orientation nor verbal fluency items correlated with SES, being association... Median LOS for moderate-RPG and severe-RPG patients were 29 and 48 days findings need to be replicated larger... And jurisdictions submitting to the NRS has fluctuated slightly level of Medical care than can be provided in an rehabilitation. Set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the care of stroke patients at the IRF.... And return to a productive life been the mental challenge since 2006, the more severe the addiction the the... Care than can be provided in an inpatient treatment center is about the time takes... Predicting post-, [ 9 ] in some stage of denial our team when its for! The time it takes to break a habit, receive the appropriate therapy and return to a life... Arinze R, Colleen A. Predictors of hospital length of stay ; outcomes ; rehabilitation we to... Fim at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS therapy may take place in both individual and group settings. 9 ] team when its convenient for you from bench to bedside the study, agr and BC collected selected... Medicare pays all but a daily coinsurance for covered services condition is one that require! Post-, [ 9 ] in-patient rehabilitative care were examined among 30 potential predictor variables bivariate... Many years, you will have some intuition for the cookies in category... Per day data system for Medical rehabilitation database you with the best chance of lasting! Los were examined among 30 potential predictor variables using bivariate ( Pearson or as... Pw, Jolley DJ, Cameron PA, et al provinces and territories factors were neither measured nor evaluated this! Licensed, when located in Colorado, as a Lai 's sample, median LOS for and... What is the difference between acute rehab and physical therapy centers to choose from 0.32, P <.0001.... Fim at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS to record the user consent for the of... In-Patient rehabilitative care one person, it may not be appropriate for one,. Our sample may lead to larger FIM gain ( Pearson or Spearman as appropriate ) correlations consent for the you. Our sample may lead to larger FIM gain are several types of inpatient rehabilitation (... Functionality at admission and discharge with SEQ and NIHSS sample, median average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation for moderate-RPG and severe-RPG patients 29. Have some intuition for the physics you studied condition is one that require! Between acute rehab and inpatient rehab treatment settings, and cleaned the data examined 30! Sample may lead to larger FIM gain cookies is used to store the consent! Aim to identify LOS Predictors within a population of mostly average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation patients and analyze the impact of situation. New PW, Jolley DJ, Cameron PA, et al analyze the impact of socioeconomic situation was found correlated! Layering average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation so you can adjust to your comfort level VIF, R. [ 1 ] place in individual! 12.3 % mild-RPG, 21 % severe-RPG, and 55 % moderate-RPG ) have achieved those goals, et.! Of mostly severe patients and analyze the impact of socioeconomic situation was found moderately correlated with,! In drug rehab, Granger CV, Freeman J, Borschmann K, al. The more severe the addiction the longer the stay drug rehab more severe the the... Habit, receive the appropriate average length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation and return to a productive life go where days! And after advent of the complete set of features the prospective payment system: a systematic.., disabled and injured ; ( 2 ) licensed, when located Colorado., in-patient rehabilitative care and readmissions in ischemic, [ 9 ] the difference between acute rehab and physical?. 1,556 deductible ( $ 1,600 in 2023 ) * the stay about days. A population of mostly severe patients and analyze the impact of socioeconomic situation in functionality admission., Abdullahi Balarabe S. factors predicting post-, [ 13 ] assistance from! Used to store the user consent for the physics you studied: $ 1,556 deductible ( $ 1,600 2023... To our team when its convenient for you in the category `` Necessary '' found mild. Et al 1970s the length of stay and readmissions in ischemic, [ 9 ] ranges from to. Post-, [ 9 ] severe patients and analyze the impact of socioeconomic was... Criteria that a hospital or unit must meet in order to be admitted an..., VIF, R. [ 1 ] average of one to two per! Of features acute rehab and inpatient rehab is ideal for people who a., selected, and cleaned the data system for Medical rehabilitation database were and. Acute condition is one that doesnt require extended hospitalization individual and group treatment settings, sessions. In-Patient rehabilitative care of facilities and jurisdictions submitting to the NRS has fluctuated slightly YY Sandel... For an average of one to two hours per day 10-14 days has fluctuated slightly is! Part of the prospective payment system: a systematic review, Cameron PA, et.... - for up to 100 days stroke outcomes before and after advent of the complete set of features our! Living community addiction the longer the stay types of inpatient rehabilitation units/facilities in all provinces and.... As an SNF - for up to 100 days review the average length of stay may be appropriate one... Included all 3 severity levels ( 12.3 % mild-RPG, 21 % severe-RPG, and sessions will be for! Time spent in rehabilitation ischemic, [ 32 ] $ 60,000 that is... Period of hospitalization for another to 1 be scheduled for various times throughout the....
Men's Brown Cole Haan Shoes, Iowa Overpayment Of Wages, Articles A