Tap the up or down arrow to pick the specific temperature. Better sampling of usage and understanding demand patterns should allow the electric utilities to lower the use of power-generation plants, possibly saving millions of dollars by not having to build new plants to meet increases in power demand. Our smart power system provider of choice. Now as part of smart grid and green-power initiatives, you can expect to see such systems in residential locations where anyone might have access. We might expect to have campus-type communications from the charging station to a central control station, and then have a trunk telecommunication connection to the network; Currency handling technology, which might involve direct input of paper or coin currency, credit-card transactions, smartcard or wireless interface, or, quite possibly, cell-phone enabled transactions; and. Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. Mr. Gies graduated from Rutgers University College of Engineering as an electrical engineer. window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) [2] Mr. Edison would not be familiar with nuclear power plants or photovoltaic cells, as these technologies were developed after his death in 1931. [3]. lightweight hockey balls. A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. 'eventCategory': 'event_category', A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. try { McQueen and Boyer describe several potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used for control systems. To celebrate the beginning of the 21st century, the National Academy of Engineering set out to identify the single most important engineering achievement of the 20th century. An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. return; OTHER SAFETY CONCERNS LOCAL POWER GENERATION What is most concerning about such reports is mainly one portion of an early article: The response to the alert was mixed. That is, rather than develop a single standard for, say, a new electrical service equipment with intelligence, for a smart meter, it would make sense to continue to use the base product safety standard for meters, but plug-in the additional telecommunications and information technology safety modules. These include the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), a joint program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); EPRIs Enterprise Information Security (EIS) program; EPRIs post9/11 Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI); and various North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) initiatives, such as its information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), public key infrastructure (PKI), and spare equipment database. Standby power system codes and standards references. switchLogin(); dataLayer.push(arguments); Additionally, to create a smarter end-to-end power delivery system, we must invest between US$17 and US$24 billion over the next 20 years. A MODULAR APPROACH TO SMART-GRID SAFETY Energy Security, June 2009. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); Many older (and even some newer) systems do not have adequate battery backup, especially for auxiliary devices such as locks, relays, and strikes. __gtagTrackerOptout(); var disableStrs = [ This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. Power Systems Dr. Hamed Mohsenian-Rad Communications and Control in Smart Grid Texas Tech University 2 The Four Main Elements in Power Systems: Power Production / Generation Power Transmission Power Distribution Power Consumption / Load Of course, we also need monitoring and control systems. Indeed, they have provided much of the high standard of living that the more developed countries enjoy. 'eventValue': 'event_value', Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. } A July 2010 article in The Economist quoted one senior American military source as saying, If any country were found to be planting logic bombs on the grid, it would provoke the equivalent of the Cuban missile crisis. Furthermore, currently more than 90% of successful cyberattacks take advantage of known vulnerabilities and misconfigured operating systems, servers, and network devices. var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-3983727-10","v4_id":""};/* ]]> */ Email was arguably the killer app that most enabled the propagation of high-speed internet. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. It uses the three-block model for pain and injury from the energy source to the person, with the middle block covering the safeguarding necessary to prevent or limit the harmful energy to a person. }; } } Likewise, through smart grid-enhanced energy efficiency, by 2030 carbon dioxide emissions from the electric sector would be reduced by 58%. But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. arguments[5] : 1, function __gtagDataLayer() { var newtracker = function () { If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 3.23.4.2. } In order to defend electric infrastructure against the impacts of cyber and physical attacks, significant challenges must therefore be overcome before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; In this dual operating system, the existing hierarchy, people, and management largely remain. Power System Dynamic State and Parameter Estimation, Blackouts Lessons for Power System Reliability. __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); 1320, Spring 2010. (2)A safety monitoring method of power terminal based on power consumption information of power terminal is proposed, which monitors the power consumption information of side channel of power terminal in a nonintrusive way and maps the power consumption of power terminal equipment to its operation status. This would mean that either IEC 60950-1 or IEC 62368-1 are used to evaluate the communications and information technology subsystems, and communication links would be classified TNV, limited-power circuits, or the like if metallic, and other non-metallic communication technologies such as optical or wireless would be evaluated accordingly. if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { Figure 1. While some of the operations on the system are automatic, human operators in system control centers ultimately make the decisions and take the actions that control the operations of the system. The solid line shows the bounding values for DC . window[disableStrs[index]] = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; Aerospace covers a wide range of topics from fundamentals, and modelling and simulation aspects of traditional and smart power systems to grid integration of renewables; Micro Grids; challenges in planning and operation of a smart power system; risks, security, and stability in smart operation of a power system; and applied research in energy storage. hitObject = arguments[1]; sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. */ var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); The Smart Power Flow Control (SPFC) strategy driven with ICT using PMUs signals can be a new generation control strategies. One of the biggest frontiers in electrical engineering in this early part of the 21st century is the development and implementation of smart grid technology. Breaches into this data could expose customer habits and behaviors. , lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. J. Clemente, The security vulnerabilities of smart grid, J. In fact, its primary feature is to automatically gather information on variations in operating conditions and parameters such as voltage and consumption for different nodes connected to the grid. Those attackers are normally driven by intellectual challenge and curiosity. return new Tracker(); In many complex networks, the human participants themselves are both the most susceptible to failure and the most adaptable in the management of recovery. Besides, an. In addition, examples of some likely smart-grid applications and the safety considerations that would need to be addressed are discussed. You can also use the thermostat's app to control the temperature. Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. (v) Value - refers to our ability to extract valuable information from the huge amount of data and derive a clear understanding of the value it brings. These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. Send us a message if youre interested in learning more about a smart power system. Currently, there are very few automatic railway crossing systems available . Identity theft threat. 3038, Jul./Aug. /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ Industrial p.set = noopfn; A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. var f = arguments[len - 1]; It is not yet known what the smart-grid killer app is going to be, but like pre-season predictions of who is going to win the Super Bowl or the World Cup, some think that it is going to be plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and possibly full electric vehicles (EVs). window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; In 1990, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) issued a detailed report, Physical Vulnerability of the Electric System to Natural Disasters and Sabotage. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL VS. THOMAS EDISON Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. A model representation of a population of the water heater devices for the demand side frequency response is considered. if (hitObject) { Smart grid solutions helps to monitor, measure and control power flows in real time that can contribute to identification of losses and thereby appropriate technical and managerial actions . The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Smart grid technology can be viewed as a merging of power systems, information technology, telecommunications, switchgear, and local power generation, along with other fields that were once electrical technologies of separated industries. (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); This is extremely important, since the consequences of an attack are directly proportional to the length of time the service is disrupted. 7577, May/June 2009. . In this paper, three major systems are explored namely the smart infrastructure. */ 9, no. In Compliance is a leading source of news, information, education, and inspiration for electrical and electronics engineering professionals. Energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures are becoming increasingly interconnected, thus posing new challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. In these higher overvoltage categories (IV and III), the value of the mains transient voltages is higher than it would be expected for general indoor-use Category II AC-mains connected appliances. window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.1.1"}}; This variable rate will incentivize consumers to shift their heavy use of electricity to times of the day when demand is low. hitObject = arguments[2]; Analogously, customized and cost-effective advancements are both possible and essential to enable smarter and more secure electric power infrastructures. }; Percentage of critical infrastructure enterprise executives reporting large-scale DDoS attacks and their frequency (source: McAfee). S. Massoud Amin is with the University of Minnesota. Colombia, for example, has faced up to 200 terrorist attacks per year on its transmission infrastructure over the last 11 years, as reported in a recent IEEE Power & Energy Magazine article by Corredor and Ruiz. Energy & Power var Tracker = function () { Computing layers that must be considered include: The security features to be employed at each layer include examination, detection, prevention, and encryption. The ability of the system to operate within system constraints ( i.e permissible bus voltage and current magnitudes and power flow over the lines) in the events of outages of any component like transmission lines or certain generator. RPS are designed and tested to contain their nuclear fuel . /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. . return null; Conversely, an unintentional island can be created when a segment of the utility grid containing only customer-owned generation and load is isolated from the utility control. There currently exist more than 450,000 mi of 100-kV or higher transmission lines and many more thousands of miles of lower-voltage lines. }; if (len === 0) { Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} 'eventAction': arguments[3], Home About Us Contact Currently, Nick is the president of Electric Power & Energy Consulting (EPEC)and an adjunct professor withUC San Diego. Power-monitoring equipment is listed as examples of Category III equipment, or equipment that will be an integral part of the building wiring. } The number of documented cyberattacks and intrusions worldwide has been rising very rapidly in recent years. for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); Figure 2 shows the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each of the major grid components. While highlighting topics including cybersecurity, smart grid, and wide area . Within less than a year after the August 2007 collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a city of sorts on the south side of the former bridge took shape, complete with a host of heavy-duty equipment pieces, temporary on-site areas for casting and other tasks, and crews constantly at work. Moreover, numerous types of communication media and protocols are used in the communication and control of power systems. 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